Hi!
Recruitment officer:
You must put the leader INSIDE a big city AND commanding the stack (its ok if he is alone). Then, check the conscript companies you get form this area (on the top blackboard as you pass the mouse point over the area) and you will notice the number is much bigger with the leader inside the city than before.
This ability is very cool.
As the USA you receive several crappy generals with it (McClennard, Banks, Burnside...). Put one on them inside your biggest cities (the more conscripts per turn they yield, the bigger the increase the leader will provide). Usually, Washington, New York and Boston.
You can gain +20 extra conscripts per turn... thats 2.000 extra guys per turn to make new units or buy replacements !!

And for free!!
Training officer
The leader must be commander of the stack. If stacked with conscript infantry, they will be upgraded to line infantry. Two units per turn.
You will receive a message on the log about this change. Also bear in mind that if you don't have conscript inf stacked with him, nothing will happen.
Also, there is the similar Master Driller: who gives experience pints to the units on the stack.
In this case he does not need to be the commander of the stack
Look here for a complete list of abilities
http://www.leqg.org/doc/aacw/listability.php5
Regards!