Sat Apr 23, 2011 2:28 am
White House of the Confederacy, Spring 1861:
Jefferson Davis could not sleep. He had wished to avert this war, but the terrible momentum of events had dashed those hopes on the shell-torn walls of Fort Sumter. On his shoulders now lay the heavy burden of piecing together an army, a navy, indeed a nation, all from scratch, and defending its people from those whom they had once called brothers, from those who could not now accept its lawful secession. It was an enormous task, and he prayed God to give him the strength to see it through. In truth, he would have felt more at home leading men into battle than in the White House, leading a country into war. But such was his lot, and he would do his duty.
Davis stubbornly refused to appoint a general-in-chief, preferring to make most of the strategic decisions on his own in consultation with a small circle of trusted military advisors. He was met with resistance every step of the way. A country forged by the impulse toward States’ rights could not comfortably acquiesce to the centralization of power necessary to wage war over so wide a front. This or that Governor would refuse to give up his State militia for the greater war effort, or would squabble pettily over every federal encroachment on its powers. It seemed even the railroads could not agree – track gauges varied widely, and might enter a town as one width and come out the other side another width entirely. It was a legislative morass and a logistical nightmare.
The President of the Confederate States of America pondered the situation with some trepidation, but also with a good deal of confidence. The odds against him were great, but then so too were the odds against the founding fathers in 1776. He could win by not losing – the Union could win only by winning. He was optimistic that the war would be over before too long, but in the back of his mind and in his heart of hearts, he anticipated the possibility of a protracted struggle. But if the Confederacy could hold out long enough on the strategic defensive, and make the Yankees pay dearly enough for any incursion on Southern soil, he fully expected to win their independence.
To that end, his first acts in the Spring of 1861 were to attract volunteers to the Confederate cause by issuing a bounty of $2,000 per company, and to raise a maximum of funds by every means at his disposal: 8% War Bonds, exceptional (and exceptionally unpopular) taxes, and (reluctantly) printing paper money. Most of this money was immediately put towards bringing Confederate forces on the Potomac and in the Shenandoah valley up to strength as quickly as possible, commissioning brigs to bring in war supplies from abroad as well as two ironclads to form the nucleus of a navy to control the Mississippi, and creating mobile forces composed of cavalry and horse artillery to raid and counter raids in the wide open West. What remained of these resources were funnelled toward improving railroad transport capacity by ordering more rolling stock and attempting to standardize track guages.
Editorial, Charleston Mercury, Spring 1861:
Scarcely a month after the splendid pyrotechnic exhibition of the nearly bloodless bombardment of Fort Sumter, loyal Southerners must surely rejoice in having finally and irrevocably sundered the bonds of tyranny, which have lately held us in dismal subjection to the sectional despotism of the Northern States! We say, good riddance to the abolitionist fanaticism that has taken root in the foetid soil of the Republican Party, and farewell forever to the tyrant Lincoln, who spuriously claims we are in rebellion against the Union, when it is he who has subverted the hallowed Union of the Constitution by denying our right to secede therefrom! For it is we, following in the footsteps of our Revolutionary forefathers, who fight to defend our liberty, our property, indeed our very way of life from Northern aggression! I urge you, brave men of the South, to enlist immediately in this our righteous cause, lest you miss your chance to take part in writing the first and most glorious chapter by fighting for the freedom of the Confederate States! For let there be no doubt: this war shall not long endure, for whatever the South may lack in the way of armaments and supplies, our splendid soldiers and capable commanders will more than compensate by superior dash, daring, and fighting spirit! The dissolute Yankees, made soft and vain by their over-reliance on industry, will not have the stomach to fight so hard to preserve their unjust Union, as we will justly fight to defend home and hearth! The Federals will take one look at the flower of Southern manhood, and flee the field!
Letter to the Editor, Charleston Mercury, Spring 1861:
I am wont to respond to the editorial appearing the week prior. I hope to God, sir, that you are right, in that this shall be a war of short duration, for if hostilities should continue for any length of time, I fear we should be at a great disadvantage. I am not a defeatist by any means, only a realist, and I should like to remind your readers that the Northern States' productivity in all fields of industry surpasses our own on the order of 80-95 percent in some cases. Moreover, we are now cut off from the nearest and largest market for our cash crops, and our erstwhile source for innumerable goods we do not ourselves produce. Their population is on the order of some 20 millions, while we have but 9 millions, half of whom we cannot, of course, rely upon militarily to support the cause of our freedom at the expense of their own. My point, sir, is this: that I cannot foresee the current, exuberant war fever outlasting any sizeable, and thereby sobering engagement with an enemy army, and we should therefore consider that, being the weaker power, we should proceed with great caution, and consider that great sacrifices may be required of us - greater, indeed, than any of us may yet concieve. Our greatest assets, as I see it, are twofold: one, that we are the defender, and they must be the aggressor; two, that ours is a vast and eminently defensible territory. Given our wealth of territory and our relative paucity particularly in manpower, I suggest that if by sacrificing the former we may conserve the latter, then we should do so. Let the blood of the invader water our soil; then and only then may we yet see our tree of liberty flourish.
"I'm ashamed of you, dodging that way. They couldn't hit an elephant at this distance."